Bolt-on racks — check frame mounts, disc-brake clearance and load rating.
A rear rack is the foundation for most e-bike carrying: panniers, trunk bags, baskets and child seats all start here. Many e-bikes ship with one, but a surprising number do not, and the included racks on budget bikes are sometimes rated for far less than owners assume. Whether you are adding a rack or upgrading one, the e-bike-specific concerns are load rating, clearance around disc brakes and wide tires, and making sure the frame actually has the mounting points you need.
Racks mount three ways. Bolt-on racks use eyelets near the rear dropouts and on the seatstays and are the sturdiest; they typically carry 25 to 30 kg and heavy-duty versions more. Seatpost-clamp racks need no eyelets but usually carry only 9 to 10 kg and can sway, which gets worse on a heavy bike. Some racks use adapters that clamp to the seatstays or bolt to the disc-brake mount when the frame lacks eyelets. Check your frame first: step-through e-bikes usually have eyelets, full-suspension bikes usually do not, and folding bikes often need a model-specific rack.
Clearance is where e-bikes trip people up. Disc-brake calipers sit where a rack's lower leg wants to go, so look for racks that are disc-specific or have offset legs. Fat tires of 4 inches need a wider rack than the standard 26 by 2.1 road crowd assumed, and 20-inch wheel bikes need a rack with shorter legs or adjustable struts. If the rack will carry a child seat, you need a rack specifically rated for it and compatible with the seat's mounting system. Properly bolted with thread locker and checked monthly, a good rack will outlast the bike.